1. The Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a
firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for
traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home.
Pp. 2–53.
(a) The Amendment’s prefatory clause announces a purpose, but
does not limit or expand the scope of the second part, the operative
clause. The operative clause’s text and history demonstrate that it
connotes an individual right to keep and bear arms. Pp. 2–22.
(b) The prefatory clause comports with the Court’s interpretation
2 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA v. HELLER Syllabus
of the operative clause. The “militia” comprised all males physically
capable of acting in concert for the common defense. The Antifederalists
feared that the Federal Government would disarm the people in
order to disable this citizens’ militia, enabling a politicized standing
army or a select militia to rule. The response was to deny Congress
power to abridge the ancient right of individuals to keep and bear
arms, so that the ideal of a citizens’ militia would be preserved."
The reference to Militia is a "preforatory Cause". "The the right of the people to keep and bear arms" portion is the "Operative Clause".
To "bear arms" means to carry. That was true when the second was written and is still true today. One can bear arms to support a militia or to go hunting etc..
pm
Syllabus
of the operative clause. The “militia” comprised all males physically
capable of acting in concert for the common defense. The Antifederalists
feared that the Federal Government would disarm the people in
order to disable this citizens’ militia, enabling a politicized standing
army or a select militia to rule. The response was to deny Congress
power to abridge the ancient right of individuals to keep and bear
arms, so that the ideal of a citizens’ militia would be preserved."
The reference to Militia is a "preforatory Cause". "The the right of the people to keep and bear arms" portion is the "Operative Clause".
To "bear arms" means to carry. That was true when the second was written and is still true today. One can bear arms to support a militia or to go hunting etc..
pm
Syllabus
of the operative clause. The “militia” comprised all males physically
capable of acting in concert for the common defense. The Antifederalists
feared that the Federal Government would disarm the people in
order to disable this citizens’ militia, enabling a politicized standing
army or a select militia to rule. The response was to deny Congress
power to abridge the ancient right of individuals to keep and bear
arms, so that the ideal of a citizens’ militia would be preserved."
The reference to Militia is a "preforatory Cause". "The the right of the people to keep and bear arms" portion is the "Operative Clause".
To "bear arms" means to carry. That was true when the second was written and is still true today. One can bear arms to support a militia or to go hunting etc..
pm
Syllabus
of the operative clause. The “militia” comprised all males physically
capable of acting in concert for the common defense. The Antifederalists
feared that the Federal Government would disarm the people in
order to disable this citizens’ militia, enabling a politicized standing
army or a select militia to rule. The response was to deny Congress
power to abridge the ancient right of individuals to keep and bear
arms, so that the ideal of a citizens’ militia would be preserved."
The reference to Militia is a "preforatory Cause". "The the right of the people to keep and bear arms" portion is the "Operative Clause".
To "bear arms" means to carry. That was true when the second was written and is still true today. One can bear arms to support a militia or to go hunting etc..
pm